Automated multiparametric localization of prostate cancer based on B-mode, shear-wave elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound radiomics

Rogier R. Wildeboer (Corresponding author), Christophe K. Mannaerts, Ruud J. G. van Sloun, Lars Budäus, Derya Tilki, Hessel Wijkstra, Georg Salomon, Massimo Mischi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of machine learning based on B-mode, shear-wave elastography (SWE), and dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) radiomics for the localization of prostate cancer (PCa) lesions using transrectal ultrasound. Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board and comprised 50 men with biopsy-confirmed PCa that were referred for radical prostatectomy. Prior to surgery, patients received transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), SWE, and DCE-US for three imaging planes. The images were automatically segmented and registered. First, model-based features related to contrast perfusion and dispersion were extracted from the DCE-US videos. Subsequently, radiomics were retrieved from all modalities. Machine learning was applied through a random forest classification algorithm, using the co-registered histopathology from the radical prostatectomy specimens as a reference to draw benign and malignant regions of interest. To avoid overfitting, the performance of the multiparametric classifier was assessed through leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. Results: The multiparametric classifier reached a region-wise area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.75 and 0.90 for PCa and Gleason > 3 + 4 significant PCa, respectively, thereby outperforming the best-performing single parameter (i.e., contrast velocity) yielding ROC-AUCs of 0.69 and 0.76, respectively. Machine learning revealed that combinations between perfusion-, dispersion-, and elasticity-related features were favored. Conclusions: In this paper, technical feasibility of multiparametric machine learning to improve upon single US modalities for the localization of PCa has been demonstrated. Extended datasets for training and testing may establish the clinical value of automatic multiparametric US classification in the early diagnosis of PCa. Key Points: • Combination of B-mode ultrasound, shear-wave elastography, and contrast ultrasound radiomics through machine learning is technically feasible. • Multiparametric ultrasound demonstrated a higher prostate cancer localization ability than single ultrasound modalities. • Computer-aided multiparametric ultrasound could help clinicians in biopsy targeting.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)806-815
Number of pages10
JournalEuropean Radiology
Volume30
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2020

Funding

FundersFunder number
KWF Dutch Cancer Society2013-5941
Philips
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme875067, 280209
H2020 European Research Council
Eindhoven University of Technology

    Keywords

    • Contrast media
    • Elasticity imaging techniques
    • Machine learning
    • Prostate cancer
    • Ultrasonography

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