Abstract
This work presents an overview of the main strategies that have been proposed for noninvasive monitoring of heart rate (HR) in extramural and home settings. We discuss three categories of sensing according to what physiological effect is used to measure the pulsatile activity of the heart, and we focus on an illustrative sensing modality for each of them. Therefore, electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, and mechanocardiography are presented as illustrative modalities to sense electrical activity, mechanical activity, and the peripheral effect of heart activity. In this paper, we describe the physical principles underlying the three categories and the characteristics of the different types of sensors that belong to each class, and we touch upon the most used software strategies that are currently adopted to effectively and reliably extract HR. In addition, we investigate the strengths and weaknesses of each category linked to the different applications in order to provide the reader with guidelines for selecting the most suitable solution according to the requirements and constraints of the application.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 4035 |
| Number of pages | 29 |
| Journal | Sensors |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue number | 11 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 26 May 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Funding: This work was supported in part by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) under the initiative Departments of Excellence (Law 232/2016).
Funding
Funding: This work was supported in part by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) under the initiative Departments of Excellence (Law 232/2016).
Keywords
- electrocardiogram
- extramural monitoring
- heart rate
- mechanocardiogram
- non-invasive monitoring
- photoplethysmogram
- sensors
- Monitoring, Physiologic
- Heart Rate/physiology
- Electrocardiography
- Photoplethysmography