Advanced Visibility Enhancement for Stents and Other Devices: Image Processing Aspects

In non-contrast-enhanced x-ray sequences, the image quality of stents can be enhanced by motion compensating and integrating images of exposure sequences. Three-dimensional stent reconstruction has been developed to allow enhanced stent visualization and assessment in three dimensions. This article gives an overview of the different methods used for enhanced stent visualization, describes studies that have evaluated these methods, and summarizes results of these methods on other cardiac and non-cardiac devices.