A novel technique for faster responses to take over requests in an automated vehicle

Francesco Walker; Oliver Morgenstern; Javier Martinez Avila; Marieke Martens; Willem Verwey

doi:10.1145/3409118.3475152

A novel technique for faster responses to take over requests in an automated vehicle

Francesco Walker, Oliver Morgenstern, Javier Martinez Avila, Marieke Martens, Willem Verwey

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In Level 3 automated vehicles, drivers must take back control when prompted by a Take Over Request (TOR). However, there is currently no consensus on the safest way to achieve this. Research has shown that participants interact faster with an avatar when this "glows"in synchrony with participant physiology (heartbeat). We hypothesized that a similar form of synchronization might allow drivers to react faster to a TOR. Using a driving simulator, we studied driver responses to a TOR when permanently visible ambient lighting was synchronized with participants' breathing. Experimental participants responded to the TOR faster than controls. There were no significant effects on self-reported trust or physiological arousal, and none of the participants reported that they were aware of the manipulation. These findings suggest that new ways of keeping the driver unconsciously "connected"to the vehicle could facilitate faster, and potentially safer, transfers of control.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	AutomotiveUI '21
Subtitle of host publication	13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Place of Publication	New York
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.
Pages	159-164
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-4503-8063-8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3409118.3475152
Publication status	Published - 20 Sept 2021
Event	13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2021 - Virtual, Virtual, Online, United Kingdom Duration: 9 Sept 2021 → 14 Sept 2021 Conference number: 13 https://www.auto-ui.org/21/

Conference

Conference	13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2021
Abbreviated title	AutomotiveUI 2021
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Virtual, Online
Period	9/09/21 → 14/09/21
Internet address	https://www.auto-ui.org/21/

Funding

This research is supported by the Dutch Domain Applied and Engineering Sciences, which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs (project number 14896). The authors would like to thank Witteveen+Bos for its important contribution. In particular, Javier Martinez Avila for developing the virtual environment, and Hilke van Strijp-Harms for coordinating the project.

Keywords

Ambient lighting
Automated Driving
Level 3
Manual take over
Peripersonal space
Take over request (TOR)
Trust in automation

Access to Document

10.1145/3409118.3475152

pdfFinal published version, 1.66 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Walker, F., Morgenstern, O., Avila, J. M., Martens, M., & Verwey, W. (2021). A novel technique for faster responses to take over requests in an automated vehicle. In AutomotiveUI '21: 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 159-164). Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1145/3409118.3475152

@inproceedings{2d151ce77477406c8075b5f700607e85,

title = "A novel technique for faster responses to take over requests in an automated vehicle",

abstract = "In Level 3 automated vehicles, drivers must take back control when prompted by a Take Over Request (TOR). However, there is currently no consensus on the safest way to achieve this. Research has shown that participants interact faster with an avatar when this {"}glows{"}in synchrony with participant physiology (heartbeat). We hypothesized that a similar form of synchronization might allow drivers to react faster to a TOR. Using a driving simulator, we studied driver responses to a TOR when permanently visible ambient lighting was synchronized with participants' breathing. Experimental participants responded to the TOR faster than controls. There were no significant effects on self-reported trust or physiological arousal, and none of the participants reported that they were aware of the manipulation. These findings suggest that new ways of keeping the driver unconsciously {"}connected{"}to the vehicle could facilitate faster, and potentially safer, transfers of control.",

keywords = "Ambient lighting, Automated Driving, Level 3, Manual take over, Peripersonal space, Take over request (TOR), Trust in automation",

author = "Francesco Walker and Oliver Morgenstern and Avila, \{Javier Martinez\} and Marieke Martens and Willem Verwey",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).; 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2021, AutomotiveUI 2021 ; Conference date: 09-09-2021 Through 14-09-2021",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

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doi = "10.1145/3409118.3475152",

language = "English",

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Walker, F, Morgenstern, O, Avila, JM, Martens, M & Verwey, W 2021, A novel technique for faster responses to take over requests in an automated vehicle. in AutomotiveUI '21: 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., New York, pp. 159-164, 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2021, Virtual, Online, United Kingdom, 9/09/21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3409118.3475152

A novel technique for faster responses to take over requests in an automated vehicle. / Walker, Francesco; Morgenstern, Oliver; Avila, Javier Martinez et al.
AutomotiveUI '21: 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., 2021. p. 159-164.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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AU - Morgenstern, Oliver

AU - Avila, Javier Martinez

AU - Martens, Marieke

AU - Verwey, Willem

N1 - Conference code: 13

PY - 2021/9/20

Y1 - 2021/9/20

N2 - In Level 3 automated vehicles, drivers must take back control when prompted by a Take Over Request (TOR). However, there is currently no consensus on the safest way to achieve this. Research has shown that participants interact faster with an avatar when this "glows"in synchrony with participant physiology (heartbeat). We hypothesized that a similar form of synchronization might allow drivers to react faster to a TOR. Using a driving simulator, we studied driver responses to a TOR when permanently visible ambient lighting was synchronized with participants' breathing. Experimental participants responded to the TOR faster than controls. There were no significant effects on self-reported trust or physiological arousal, and none of the participants reported that they were aware of the manipulation. These findings suggest that new ways of keeping the driver unconsciously "connected"to the vehicle could facilitate faster, and potentially safer, transfers of control.

AB - In Level 3 automated vehicles, drivers must take back control when prompted by a Take Over Request (TOR). However, there is currently no consensus on the safest way to achieve this. Research has shown that participants interact faster with an avatar when this "glows"in synchrony with participant physiology (heartbeat). We hypothesized that a similar form of synchronization might allow drivers to react faster to a TOR. Using a driving simulator, we studied driver responses to a TOR when permanently visible ambient lighting was synchronized with participants' breathing. Experimental participants responded to the TOR faster than controls. There were no significant effects on self-reported trust or physiological arousal, and none of the participants reported that they were aware of the manipulation. These findings suggest that new ways of keeping the driver unconsciously "connected"to the vehicle could facilitate faster, and potentially safer, transfers of control.

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A novel technique for faster responses to take over requests in an automated vehicle

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