A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays

Ramonika Sengupta; Annie Cuyt; David Prinsloo; Thomas Schäfer; A.B. Smolders

doi:10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933

A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays

Ramonika Sengupta
, Annie Cuyt
, David Prinsloo
, Thomas Schäfer
, A.B. Smolders

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

This paper presents a variable projection based method, used along with the forward-backward matrix pencil method, for the synthesis of linear arrays with shaped-beam patterns employing a least number of antenna elements. The forward-backward matrix pencil method has been used previously for this application. However, the array factor obtained using fewer elements may not always provide a satisfactory approximation of the true array factor, as demonstrated by some examples in this work. Therefore, we propose incorporating a variable projection iterative step to enhance the performance of the array derived from the forward-backward matrix pencil method.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Number of pages	5
ISBN (Electronic)	978-88-31299-10-7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933
Publication status	Published - 21 May 2025
Event	19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025 - Stockholm, Sweden Duration: 30 Mar 2025 → 4 Apr 2025

Conference

Conference	19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025
Abbreviated title	EuCAP 2025
Country/Territory	Sweden
City	Stockholm
Period	30/03/25 → 4/04/25

Funding

Funded by the European Union, under ANTERRA 101072363 HORIZON-MSCA-2021-DN-01. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Keywords

Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil Method
Phased Linear Arrays
Variable Projection

Access to Document

10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933

EuCAP_2025Final author version , 1.63 MB
pdfFinal published version, 1.64 MBLicence: TAVERNE

Cite this

Sengupta, R., Cuyt, A., Prinsloo, D., Schäfer, T., & Smolders, A. B. (2025). A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays. In 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025 Article 10999933 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933

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abstract = "This paper presents a variable projection based method, used along with the forward-backward matrix pencil method, for the synthesis of linear arrays with shaped-beam patterns employing a least number of antenna elements. The forward-backward matrix pencil method has been used previously for this application. However, the array factor obtained using fewer elements may not always provide a satisfactory approximation of the true array factor, as demonstrated by some examples in this work. Therefore, we propose incorporating a variable projection iterative step to enhance the performance of the array derived from the forward-backward matrix pencil method.",

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Sengupta, R, Cuyt, A, Prinsloo, D, Schäfer, T & Smolders, AB 2025, A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays. in 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025., 10999933, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025, Stockholm, Sweden, 30/03/25. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933

A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays. / Sengupta, Ramonika; Cuyt, Annie; Prinsloo, David et al.
2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2025. 10999933.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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T1 - A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays

AU - Sengupta, Ramonika

AU - Cuyt, Annie

AU - Prinsloo, David

AU - Schäfer, Thomas

AU - Smolders, A.B.

PY - 2025/5/21

Y1 - 2025/5/21

N2 - This paper presents a variable projection based method, used along with the forward-backward matrix pencil method, for the synthesis of linear arrays with shaped-beam patterns employing a least number of antenna elements. The forward-backward matrix pencil method has been used previously for this application. However, the array factor obtained using fewer elements may not always provide a satisfactory approximation of the true array factor, as demonstrated by some examples in this work. Therefore, we propose incorporating a variable projection iterative step to enhance the performance of the array derived from the forward-backward matrix pencil method.

AB - This paper presents a variable projection based method, used along with the forward-backward matrix pencil method, for the synthesis of linear arrays with shaped-beam patterns employing a least number of antenna elements. The forward-backward matrix pencil method has been used previously for this application. However, the array factor obtained using fewer elements may not always provide a satisfactory approximation of the true array factor, as demonstrated by some examples in this work. Therefore, we propose incorporating a variable projection iterative step to enhance the performance of the array derived from the forward-backward matrix pencil method.

KW - Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil Method

KW - Phased Linear Arrays

KW - Variable Projection

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U2 - 10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933

DO - 10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933

M3 - Conference contribution

BT - 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

T2 - 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025

Y2 - 30 March 2025 through 4 April 2025

ER -

Sengupta R, Cuyt A, Prinsloo D, Schäfer T, Smolders AB. A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays. In 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2025. 10999933 doi: 10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999933

A Forward-Backward Matrix Pencil and Variable Projection Based Method for Reducing the Number of Elements in Shaped-Beam Pattern Linear Arrays

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