TY - JOUR
T1 - 3D indium tin oxide electrodes by ultrasonic spray deposition for current collection applications
AU - van den Ham, E.J.
AU - Elen, K.
AU - Bonneux, G.
AU - Maino, G.
AU - Notten, P.H.L.
AU - van Bael, M.K.
AU - Hardy, A.
PY - 2017/4/30
Y1 - 2017/4/30
N2 - Three dimensionally (3D) structured indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films are synthesized and characterized as a 3D electrode material for current collection applications. Using metal citrate chemistry in combination with ultrasonic spray deposition, a low cost wet-chemical method has been developed to achieve conformal ITO coatings on non-planar scaffolds. Although there is room for improvement with respect to the resistivity (9.9·10
−3 Ω∙cm, 220 nm thick planar films), high quality 3D structured coatings were shown to exhibit conductive properties based on ferrocene reactivity. In view of applications in Li-ion batteries, the electrochemical stability of the current collector was investigated, indicating that stability is guaranteed for voltages of 1.5 V and up (vs. Li
+/Li). In addition, subsequent 3D coating of the ITO with WO
3 as a negative electrode (battery) material confirmed the 3D ITO layer functions as a proper current collector. Using this approach, an over 4-fold capacity increase was booked for 3D structured WO
3 in comparison to planar samples, confirming the current collecting capabilities of the 3D ITO coating. Therefore, the 3D ITO presented is considered as a highly interesting material for 3D battery applications and beyond.
AB - Three dimensionally (3D) structured indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films are synthesized and characterized as a 3D electrode material for current collection applications. Using metal citrate chemistry in combination with ultrasonic spray deposition, a low cost wet-chemical method has been developed to achieve conformal ITO coatings on non-planar scaffolds. Although there is room for improvement with respect to the resistivity (9.9·10
−3 Ω∙cm, 220 nm thick planar films), high quality 3D structured coatings were shown to exhibit conductive properties based on ferrocene reactivity. In view of applications in Li-ion batteries, the electrochemical stability of the current collector was investigated, indicating that stability is guaranteed for voltages of 1.5 V and up (vs. Li
+/Li). In addition, subsequent 3D coating of the ITO with WO
3 as a negative electrode (battery) material confirmed the 3D ITO layer functions as a proper current collector. Using this approach, an over 4-fold capacity increase was booked for 3D structured WO
3 in comparison to planar samples, confirming the current collecting capabilities of the 3D ITO coating. Therefore, the 3D ITO presented is considered as a highly interesting material for 3D battery applications and beyond.
KW - 3D structures
KW - Current collector
KW - Films
KW - ITO
KW - TCO
KW - Transparent conductive oxide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85014549634&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85014549634
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 348
SP - 130
EP - 137
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
ER -
