In this course we take an in-depth look at the translation of your program code into a binary executable code that makes efficient use of your processor system. Starting with a tiny micro-controller, and continuing up to heterogeneous multi-core machines. This large variation in possible target platforms has implications for what kind of optimizations are required from the compiler, and how these can be controlled by the programmer. We investigate how the compiler works internally, what capabilities in optimization can be expected, and how different programming languages may provide challenges and opportunities for the compiler.