Digital technologies transform the fundamental nature of organizations. In the era of digitalization, organizations in many domains are challenged to improve or radically change their operations using digital technologies, and enterprise systems are at the forefront of this effort. To operate and survive in the modern business ecosystem, organizations require an effective adoption of enterprise systems, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM), and Product Life Cycle Management systems. After an introduction to the topic of digitalization and enterprise systems, we discuss the strategic importance of their effective use for digital transformation and innovation. We then focus our attention on the main types and basic issues related to the acquisition, implementation, architecture, and use of such systems. We also work with the most commonly-used enterprise system in business: SAP ERP.